In order to delve into the relationships of information flow among various brain regions within causal brain networks，a causal network emotion recognition methodology grounded in electroencephalogram（EEG）signals across communities is proposed.Firstly，time-frequency domain features are extracted from the preprocessed EEG signals.The partial directed coherence（PDC）method is adopted to build the casual brain network，and the Infomap community detection algorithm is used to divide the communities of the brain network.Next，a graph representation of the brain network is formulated，in which the causal interactions，quantified by PDC values between different communities，serve as the edge features，while the node features are defined by the weighted average differential entropy computed for each respective community. Finally，this constructed graph data is fed into a graph convolutional neural network for the ultimate task of emotion classification and recognition.Experimental results demonstrate that compared with the conventional full-channel causal emotion recognition approaches，the proposed method decreases the computational complexity by leveraging the directed causal information between the brain sections，and successfully maintains a high level of emotion recognition accuracy.

For the low detection accuracy problem of small targets and low-contrast defects on the surface of latex gloves，an improved YOLOv（you only look once version）8n algorithm for defects detection on the surface of latex gloves is proposed.The receptive field attention convolution module is introduced in the feature extraction network to dynamically adjust the spatial feature weights within the receptive field，and to enhance the network's focus on defect features. The C2f module is redesigned based on the proposed multi-scale convolution，which captures the contextual information from shallow features through multi-scale convolutional kernels，and improves the network's ability to extract shallow features.The context and the spatial feature calibration network are added to the feature fusion network，where feature calibration refines and aligns contextual information and spatial features，and further enhances the representation of defect features.Experimental results show that on the homemade dataset，the mean average precision（mAP）of the improved algorithm reaches 93.2%，which is 3.1%higher than that of YOLOv8n.It effectively improves the surface defect detection accuracy of latex gloves.In addition，on the VisDrone2019Det and steel defect detection datasets，the mAP reaches 36.1%and 79.8%，respectively，which are 1.1%and 2.7%higher than that of YOLOv8n，and further verifies the effectiveness of the improved algorithm.

For the problem of abnormal opening and closing states of high-voltage isolation switches in substations due to factors such as mechanical wear and electrical quantity changes，an atom search optimization（ASO）algorithm is proposed to identify the abnormal opening and closing status of high-voltage disconnectors in substations.Infrared and visible light cameras are used to capture the status images of high-voltage isolation switches，and the mapping relationship between image feature points is established through bilateral filtering and image registration.The joint weighted average method is used to achieve decision level fusion of images.The optimal segmentation threshold is determined by combining the gradient size and attribute vector of the centroid pixel neighborhood points of the image，and the high-voltage isolation switch feature area is extracted accordingly.Support vector machine algorithm is adopted to construct an abnormal state recognition model，and ASO algorithm is introduced to obtain model parameters，and to optimize model recognition performance，and identify the opening and closing abnormal states of the isolation switch by inputting the pixel values of the isolation switch feature area.Experiment results show that under the application of the studied method，the false positive rate of the obtained recognition results is less than 2%，and the recognition accuracy is relatively high.

To address the challenges of small inter-class differences in pest details，severe field background interference，and imbalanced sample distribution，a complementary feature fusion dual-stream network for pest recognition is proposed.This network combines the local perception capability of convolutional neural networks with the global modeling ability of the Mamba model，capturing and integrating the global and local information of pest images.A hierarchical multiscale perception module is designed to extract multi-scale image features through grouped hierarchical convolution and enhance pest detail information with a detail enhancement perception strategy.An adaptive focusing Mamba module is designed to locate key pest regions using dynamic convolution operators and reduce complex background interference.Additionally，an attention-weighted fusion module is designed to achieve adaptive interaction and optimization of global and local features through a cross-attention mechanism，further improving the accuracy of semantic expression.A balanced loss function is constructed to mitigate the effects of class imbalance in the dataset.The experimental results show that the network achieves an accuracy of 71.19%on the large-scale pest dataset IP102，and an accuracy of 99.36%on the D0 dataset，demonstrating its ability to effectively identify pest species.

A fault estimation algorithm based on iterative learning strategy is proposed for a class of continuous nonlinear systems with fault signals.The algorithm mainly adopts the rolling optimization idea in predictive control theory.Firstly，when the nonlinear system is subjected to bounded state interference and measurement interference，a fault tracking estimator is constructed using state errors and output residuals，and the differential signal of adjacent two output residuals is added on the iteration axis to obtain a virtual fault signal that approximates the actual fault signal.Secondly，in the sense of λ-norm，the convergence and complexity of output residuals and fault estimation errors are analyzed，and the convergence is judged through Gronwall inequality，which provides a sufficient condition convergence of the algorithm.Finally，through numerical simulations，the forms of common failure functions，and the comparison between the proposed methods with the P-type algorithm，the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated.

To address the challenges of scale variation and dense object distribution in remote sensing imagery caused by varying imaging angles，a novel object detection algorithm is proposed based on multi-branch fusion self-attention（MFS）.A multi-branch module that integrates convolutional and self-attention mechanisms is designed to build a feature extraction network，and the fourth detection head is built for small objects to facilitate multi-scale feature fusion.Meanwhile，the resulting model is pruned by the DepGraph method to achieve a lightweight architecture.Experiments on the DOTA and NWPU VHR-10 datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves mean average precision（mAP）scores of 77.7%and 96.5%respectively，outperforming the peer detectors of similar algorithm complexity.Notably，the pruned version maintains a mAP of 72.9%on DOTA，with only 6.64 million parameters.

Aiming at the optimization of 5G network coverage performance in the complex environment of coal mine underground，a 5G optimization scheme based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed.For the 10km main transport roadway scenario，multiple transmission loss factors such as roadway cross-section size，wall roughness，and equipment occlusion are comprehensively considered，and a signal propagation mathematical model integrating the line-of-sight/nonline-of-sight path loss model and the roughness attenuation factor is established.A deep Q-network is adopted as the value-function approximator for the learning agent，transforming the joint online optimization of base-station placement and transmit power into a multi-objective decision problem that maximizes the coverage while minimizing the number of base stations.Adopt a dynamic power-adjustment mechanism，enabling real-time adaptation to abrupt local signal degradations.Experimental results confirm that the scheme achieves a coverage exceeding 95%，while reducing the number of deployed base stations by 28%compared with a conventional static layout，thereby markedly enhancing the underground 5G coverage and lowering the deployment costs and operational power consumption.

A cascaded Kalman filter fiber channel damage adaptive equalization processing optimization algorithm，which is based on the multiple input multiple output constant module algorithm（MIMO-CMA）is proposed to address the issues of excessive rotation of state of polarization（RSOP）speed，polarization mode dispersion（PMD），residual chromatic dispersion，polarization dependent loss（PDL），residual carrier frequency offset（CFO），and carrier phase noise（CPN）that seriously affect communication quality in extreme conditions of optical fiber polarized light signals.Firstly，the quadrature phase shift keying（QPSK）signal containing various optical fiber channel impairments is balanced using MIMO-CMA to achieve residual dispersion and preliminary polarization effect related impairments.Then，the Kalman filter is adopted to balance the residual RSOP damage，CFO，and CPN.Simulation results show that the constellation recovery effect of the input signal after the equalization of the optimization algorithm is good，and the trackable RSOP speed can reach over 9Mrad·s^-1，and can effectively reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm.

Wake-up receiver（WuRX）is a critical module for achieving low-power wireless sensor networks.Classical wake-up receivers which adopts envelope detection（ED）as the first stage，suffer from low sensitivity.To address this issue，the traditional single-ended ED in WuRX is extended to a single-ended-to-pseudo-differential topology，thereby improving the conversion gain and output signal-to-noise ratio of the ED.Additionally，the baseband circuit adopts a low-power fully differential structure，which enhances its ability to suppress common-mode noise，and ultimately improves the sensitivity of the WuRX.Furthermore，this design employs a collaborative approach for the internal current source and clock generation circuit，which reduces current consumption through shared paths.The chip is designed using a 65nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor（CMOS）process，with a carrier frequency of 109MHz and a data rate of 33.3bps.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed WuRX achieves a sensitivity of-80dBm under conditions of a false alarm rate below 1 per hour，and a miss detection rate below 0.1%；moreover，the WuRX operates with an overall power consumption of only 5.9nW at a supply voltage of 0.4V.Compared to classical WuRX designs，this work achieves higher sensitivity while maintaining low power consumption.

To address the issue of degraded signal quality in power system fiber optic transformers（FOTs）due to internal and external noise interferences in complex operational environments，a method for enhancing FOT measurement signals under time-frequency domain rotation is proposed.Quantitative calculations for thermal noise，shot noise，vibration noise，and attenuation noise are performed，and an improved wavelet transform is employed for multi-type noise filtering preprocessing.The short-time Fourier transform is combined with an adaptive rotation operator to decompose the signal's time-frequency domain，decoupling and separating the interference components from the effective components，while extracting amplitude-frequency parameters along the frequency axis to enhance the target features.A phase reconstruction algorithm is used to correct the propagation path delays，and the enhanced signal is output.Experimental results show that the harmonic amplitude multiples of the enhanced signal are significantly reduced to 0.06～0.18，far below the baseline value of 0.25 and other comparison methods.The signal amplitude is effectively increased to the range of[-0.5，1.5]V，with a total signal-to-noise ratio of 16.5dB.This method effectively improves the amplitude-frequency characteristic quality and noise resistance of optical fiber mutual inductor measurement signals with low distortion，meeting the precise measurement requirements of power systems，and providing an effective solution for signal processing in complex noise environments.